Brazilian portuguese validation of the patient-reported outcome measure for urethral stricture surgery (USS-PROM) questionnaire.

INTRODUCTION: Urethral stricture is a common, albeit complex, condition that predominantly affects men. The aim of this study was to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Patient-Reported Outcome Measure questionnaire for patients undergoing urethroplasty (USS-PROM) into Brazilian Portuguese using validated psychometric criteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The process involved translating and culturally adapting the original USS-PROM into Brazilian Portuguese (USS-PROMbr), synthesizing, back-translating, cross-culturally adapting, and analyzing the pre-final version with experts from our committee. This pre-version was administered to 10 patients who had undergone urethroplasty by the Reconstructive Urology team at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre for face validation, linguistic, and semantic adjustments, resulting in the final USS-PROMbr version. Subsequently, well-established psychometric criteria, including content validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reproducibility, were assessed after administering the questionnaire to a total of 56 patients, with 50 of them responding to the test and retest. RESULTS: Evaluation of the pre-final version identified 15 questions as clear, and only one question was considered somewhat unclear necessitating modifications based on patient suggestions and subsequent reassessment by the research team. Psychometric criteria demonstrated good content validity, with a content validity index exceeding 0.80 for all questions; good internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha of 0.77, ranging from 0.70 to 0.78 with the exclusion of any item, and item-total correlations ranging from 0.33 to 0.67. The test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.74 for the lower urinary tract symptoms construct (Q1-Q6). CONCLUSION: The USS-PROMbr demonstrated acceptable cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties, making it a valid and useful tool for evaluating patients undergoing urethroplasty.

Why surveys are 'very hard': exploring challenges and insights for collection of authentic patient experience information with speakers of Australian First Nations languages.

INTRODUCTION: Health services collect patient experience data to monitor, evaluate and improve services and subsequently health outcomes. Obtaining authentic patient experience information to inform improvements relies on the quality of data collection processes and the responsiveness of these processes to the cultural and linguistic needs of diverse populations. This study explores the challenges and considerations in collecting authentic patient experience information through survey methods with Australians who primarily speak First Nations languages. METHODS: First Nations language experts, interpreters, health staff and researchers with expertise in intercultural communication engaged in an iterative process of critical review of two survey tools using qualitative methods. These included a collaborative process of repeated translation and back translation of survey items and collaborative analysis of video-recorded trial administration of surveys with languages experts (who were also receiving dialysis treatment) and survey administrators. All research activities were audio- or video-recorded, and data from all sources were translated, transcribed and inductively analysed to identify key elements influencing acceptability and relevance of both survey process and items as well as translatability. RESULTS: Serious challenges in achieving equivalence of meaning between English and translated versions of survey items were pervasive. Translatability of original survey items was extensively compromised by the use of metaphors specific to the cultural context within which surveys were developed, English words that are familiar but used with different meaning, English terms with no equivalent in First Nations languages and grammatical discordance between languages. Discordance between survey methods and First Nations cultural protocols and preferences for seeking and sharing information was also important: the lack of opportunity to share the 'full story', discomfort with direct questions and communication protocols that preclude negative or critical responses constrained the authenticity of the information obtained through survey methods. These limitations have serious implications for the quality of information collected and result in frustration and distress for those engaging with the survey. CONCLUSION: Profound implications for the acceptability of a survey tool as well as data quality arise from differences between First Nations cultural and communication contexts and the cultural context within which survey methods have evolved. When data collection processes are not linguistically and culturally congruent there is a risk that patient experience data are inaccurate, miss what is important to First Nations patients and have limited utility for informing relevant healthcare improvement. Engagement of First Nations cultural and language experts is essential in all stages of development, implementation and evaluation of culturally safe and effective approaches to support speakers of First Nations languages to share their experiences of health care and influence change.

Translating and Validating PRISMA-7 Questionnaire in Urdu: A Screening Tool to Identify Frail Individuals.

Frailty is a condition in which the affected individual is more prone to both external and internal stressors and has a higher risk of succumbing to chronic diseases. The aim of this research was to translate and validate the PRISMA-7 questionnaire in the Urdu language. This is a validation study conducted in a hospital in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. PRISMA-7 Questionnaire was translated into Urdu language using forward and backward translations and was then piloted on a sample of 151 subjects, aged 60 and above, and validated by applying reliability and validity statistics. Amongst the sampling population, frailty was found to be 63.26%. All the items in the questionnaire were significantly different from each other, however, the correlation between each was found to be low. Cronbach's alpha was found to be 0.322. Urdu translated version of PRISMA-7 is not a valid and reliable tool for screening frailty in the elderly population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Key Words: Frailty, Validation, Translation, Frail elderly, Urdu.

Italian translation and cultural adaptation of the Agitated Behavior Scale (ABS-I) in patients with acquired brain injuries.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to produce a cross-cultural adaptation in Italian of the Agitated Behavior Scale (ABS), originally developed in English, as the first of two stages that also include cross-cultural validation and allow a clinical scale to be used in the proper setting such as rehabilitation units. METHODS: In order to adapt the ABS scale to a different cultural environment, five consecutive steps were performed: (1) forward translations (n = 8), (2) synthesis of the 8 forward translations to obtain a first shared italian version (ABS_I_trial), (3) back translations (n = 3), (4) creation of an expert committee to evaluate forward and back translations and finally (5) the cognitive debriefing. RESULTS: After the five steps, including forward translations and back translations, the process of committee verification and judgement and the evaluative step of cognitive debriefing, high comprehensibility of all items was found, resulting in an Italian translation version of ABS suitable for application in a clinical setting. CONCLUSION: ABS translation was produced by means of a standardized procedure aimed at minimizing cross-cultural gaps. The expert committee evaluated the version produced as highly understandable in Italian. Further steps, such as the subsequent validation of its psychometric properties, are needed to employ this translation in a clinical setting.

Psychometric properties and factor structure of the traditional Chinese version of the Community Integration Questionnaire-Revised in traumatic brain injury survivors.

This study aimed to translate and validate the traditional Chinese version of the Community Integration Questionnaire-Revised (TC-CIQ-R) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). We included participants aged ≥20 years and diagnosed as having TBI for ≥6 months from neurosurgical clinics. The 18-item TC-CIQ-R, Participation Measure - 3 Domains, 4 Dimensions (PM-3D4D), Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOSE), and Taiwanese Quality of Life After Brain Injury (TQOLIBRI) were completed. The sample included 180 TBI survivors (54% male, mean age 47 years) of whom 87% sustained a mild TBI. Exploratory factor analysis extracted four factors - home integration, social integration, productivity, and electronic social networking - which explained 63.03% of the variation, after discarding the tenth item with a factor loading of 0.25. For criterion-related validity, the TC-CIQ-R was significantly correlated with the PM-3D4D; convergent validity was exhibited by demonstrating the associations between the TC-CIQ-R and TQOLIBRI. Known-group validity testing revealed significant differences in the subdomain and total scores of the TC-CIQ-R between participants with a mean GOSE score of ≤6 and >7 (all P  < 0.001). The TC-CIQ-R exhibited acceptable Cronbach's α values (0.68-0.88). We suggest the 17-item TC-CIQ-R as a valid tool for rehabilitation professionals, useful for both clinical practice and research in assessing community integration levels following TBI.

Translation, adaptation, and psychometric properties of the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Quality of Life in Children with Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis questionnaire.

PURPOSE: The prevalence of ocular allergy varies according to the population and location of the study. Severe forms of ocular allergy are associated with compromised quality of life. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the application of the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Quality of Life in Children with Keratoconjunctivitis questionnaire to children and adolescents with different subtypes of allergic conjunctivitis. METHOD: A total of 48 patients (aged 5-12 years) with allergic conjunctivitis were included in this study. They were enrolled and monitored at a specialized center. After the clinical appointment, the children responded to the questionnaire on two occasions at an interval of 30 days. Individual scores (ranging from 0 to 3) of the 16 items were added. RESULTS: The Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Quality of Life in Children with Keratoconjunctivitis questionnaire demonstrated good translation, adaptation, and intellectual properties, with substantial internal consistency (Cronbach's α coefficient = 0.702). There was no significant difference between the responses of the two interviews, revealing good reproducibility. The moderate/severe forms of allergic conjunctivitis had significantly higher quality of life scores (indicating a poorer quality of life) than the mild forms. CONCLUSIONS: The Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Quality of Life in Children with Keratoconjunctivitis proved to be quick, reliable, and reproducible for assessing the quality of life in children with allergic conjunctivitis. However, its ability to detect changes resulting from symptom aggravation or treatment needs to be further evaluated.

Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the social frailty scale in Iranian older adults.

BACKGROUND: Social frailty is a holistic concept encompassing various social determinants of health. Considering its importance and impact on health-related outcomes in older adults, the present study was conducted to cross-culturally adapt and psychometrically evaluate the Social Frailty Scale in Iranian older adults in 2023. METHODS: This was a methodological study. The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Social Frailty Scale 8-item (SFS-8) was conducted according to Wild's guideline. Content and face validity were assessed using qualitative and quantitative methods. Then, 250 older adults covered by comprehensive health centers were selected using multistage random sampling. Participants completed the demographic questionnaire, the Abbreviated Mental Test score, the SFS-8, and the Lubben Social Network Scale. Construct validity was assessed by principal component analysis (PCA) and known-group comparisons. The Mann‒Whitney U test was used to compare social frailty scores between the isolated and non-isolated older adults. Internal consistency, equivalence, and stability were assessed using the Kuder-Richardson method, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), the standard error of measurement (SEM), and the minimum detectable change (MDC). The ceiling and floor effects were also assessed. The data were analyzed using JASP 0.17.3. RESULTS: The ratio and index of content validity and the modified kappa coefficient of all the items were 1.00. The impact score of the items was greater than 4.6. PCA identified the scale as a single component by removing two questions that could explain 52.9% of the total variance in the scale score. The Persian version of the Social Frailty Scale could distinguish between isolated and non-isolated older adults (p < 0.001). The Kuder-Richardson coefficient, ICC, SEM, and MDC were 0.606, 0.904, 0.129, and 0.358, respectively. The relative frequencies of the minimum and maximum scores obtained from the scale were 34.8 and 1.2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The Persian version of the Social Frailty Scale (P-SFS) can be used as a valid and reliable scale to assess social frailty in Iranian older adults.

Psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the meaning in life scale in a sample of young adults.

BACKGROUND: Young adults are in a constant phase of realizing their meaning in life while being in a constant pursuit of meaning. Meaning in life is a subjective, personal construct related to the perception of one's own life. Considering that there are no measures that study this construct within the Arab context, this study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) in the Lebanese context with a sample of young adults. METHODS: A sample of 684 Lebanese young adults was recruited for this study, having a mean age of 21.74 years, 65.6% of which were females. Through an online questionnaire, participants were requested to complete the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-8) and the Oviedo Grit Scale (EGO). RESULTS: CFA indicated that fit of the original bi-dimensional model of MLQ scores was inadequate. Items 9 and 10 cross-loaded to both MLQ factors. After removal of those 2 items, the final model displayed good fit indices. Reliability was good for the Search (ω = 0.89 / α = 0.89) and Presence (ω = 0.88 / α = 0.87) subscales. Additionally, across three levels of gender invariance (Configural, Metric and Scalar), no significant gender-based distinctions were observed in the MLQ scores. The Search subscale was significantly and positively associated with higher GRIT but not psychological distress, whereas the Presence subscale was significantly associated with higher GRIT and lower psychological distress. CONCLUSION: The results of this study contribute to the psychometric reliability and validity of the Arabic version of the MLQ and makes it available for dissemination among young adults within the Arab context. This allows for the implementation of new research that target construct of meaning in life, allowing for the accessibility of interventions that aim to foster the presence of and search for meaning in the lives of young adults within the Arab nations.

Validation of the arabic version of the EuroQol-5-dimension 5-level (EQ-5D-5 L) in patients with spinal degenerative diseases.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to test the reliability and validity of the translated Arabic version of EQ-5D-5 L. METHODS: The study was conducted on 100 patients operated upon for degenerative spine diseases coming for follow up in the outpatient clinic of a Tertiary care hospital. Test-retest reliability was assessed by completing the self-administered tool in two follow up visits, one week apart, by 50 patients. Internal consistency was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha. Intra-class correlation coefficients and kappa statistics were performed to test for the agreement between the two ratings. Criterion validity was assessed by comparing the responses of 100 patients to the EQ-5D-5 L with scores of two validated questionnaires; the Arabic version of the Oswestry disability index and the Arabic version of short-form health survey-36. The construct validity was assessed using known-groups comparison to test for hypothesized differences concerning demographic and clinical variables. RESULTS: The Arabic version of EQ-5D-5 L questionnaire had a high reliability with high observed internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.816, CI: 0.719-0.886). It showed strong temporal stability, with ICCs of the EQ-5D-5 L score, index and EQ-visual analog scale (EQ-VAS) of 0.852, 0.801, and 0.839 respectively. Agreement by kappa was moderate; above 0.4, for all domains, except for the "Usual activities" domain. EQ-5D-5 L domains, VAS and index had moderate to strong significant correlations with SF-36 and ODI subscales and total scores in the correct direction indicating a good criterion validity of the instrument. CONCLUSION: The Arabic version of EQ-5D-5 L is reliable and valid for assessment of HRQoL of Arabic speaking patients.

Polish version of the COMQ-12 questionnaire, a new validated tool for the assessment of the quality of life in patients with chronic otitis media.

<b><br>Introduction:</b> The COMQ-12 questionnaire is a tool to assess the quality of life in patients with chronic otitis media in many countries. The questionnaire consists of 12 questions: seven relating to the severity of symptoms, two regarding the impact of the disease on lifestyle and work, two concerning the impact on the need for healthcare, and one is a general question. Each question is rated on a scale from 0 to 5.</br> <b><br>Aim:</b> To present the validation process and the final version of the Polish version of the COMQ-12 questionnaire.</br> <b><br>Material and methods:</b> The Polish version of the COMQ-12 questionnaire was prepared based on an independent translation of the English version by three physicians (two otolaryngology specialists and one physician in the process of specialization in otolaryngology). The questionnaire was validated in a study including 60 participants: 30 patients with chronic otitis media and 30 volunteers without a history of middle ear diseases or hearing disorders. Each participant was asked to complete the COMQ-12 questionnaire twice at an interval of 4 weeks apart. The internal consistency, reliability, and construct validity of the questionnaire were analyzed using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients, Spearman's rho correlation coefficient, and the Mann-Whitney test, respectively.</br> <b><br>Results:</b> High internal consistency, reliability, and construct validity of the Polish version of the COMQ-12 questionnaire were shown in the course of statistical analysis. The overall internal consistency was 0.95 and 0.97 as assessed by Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients, respectively. Spearman's rho correlation coefficient was above 0.89 for each question. Statistically significant differences in the COMQ-12 total scores were obtained between patients with chronic otitis media and the control group.</br> <b><br>Conclusions:</b> The Polish version of the COMQ-12 questionnaire can be a valuable clinical tool for the assessment of the quality of life in patients suffering from chronic otitis media.</br>.

Evidence of Validity and Reliability for the Spanish Version of the Self-Identified Stage of Recovery.

BACKGROUND: The Self-Identified Stage of Recovery (SISR) () is a scale used to assess both the stage of recovery (SISR-A) and the components of the process of personal recovery (SISR-B). This study aimed to develop the Spanish version of the SISR and obtain evidence of validity and reliability in a sample of 230 users of community mental health services. METHOD: The Spanish version of the SISR was developed following the translation-back translation procedure, with the support of a committee of experienced experts. The SISR was examined in terms of dimensional structure, internal consistency, relationships with other variables (i.e., the Maryland Recovery Assessment Scale [MARS-12] and the Dispositional Hope Scale [DHS]), and temporal stability ( = 66). Differential item functioning (DIF) by gender was analysed. RESULTS: The study confirmed the unidimensionality of the SISR-B and suitable internal consistency of its scores (ω = .83, α = .83). Scores from both SISR-A and SISR-B showed good temporal stability and the SISR-B displayed strong correlations with the MARS-12 ( = .78) and the DHS ( = .67). No DIF was found. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the validity and reliability of the scores of the Spanish version of the SISR.

Spanish Adaptation of the Mentalization Questionnaire (MZQ) in Community Adolescents and Adults.

BACKGROUND: Despite the role of mentalization in mental health outcomes and prevention, psychometrically-evaluated screening measures for mentalization remain sparse. One widely-used mentalization questionnaire is the Mentalization Questionnaire (MZQ; Hausberg et al., 2012), which we aimed to adapt and validate for use in Spanish. METHOD: We adapted the MZQ to European Spanish and evaluated its psychometric properties in both adolescent ( = 389, ages 12-19, = 14.5) and adult community samples ( = 382, = 48). RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis resulted in a unidimensional structure including all items. This model had better goodness of fit than the original and other adaptations. Invariance analysis showed the same structure in adolescents compared by sex and age, and additionally in the adult versus adolescent samples. Evidence for convergent and discriminant validity was found. Internal consistency values in both adolescents and parents were fair and in the adolescent sample the MZQ scores remained moderately stable after re-test. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish adaptation of the MZQ presents similar evidence of reliability and validity in the adolescent and adult samples. The results support this being a suitable version for evaluating mentalization in the general population.

Translation and cultural adaptation of the Positive Aspects of Caregiving Scale for caregivers of people living with dementia in Brazilian context: a methodological study.

BACKGROUND: The Positive Aspects of Caregiving (PAC) scale is used to assess psychosocial benefits provided to caregivers by the task of caring. The PAC scale consists of nine items, assessed using a five-point Likert scale, with higher values indicating greater positive perceptions and gains from the caregiving experience. OBJECTIVE: To translate and culturally adapt the PAC scale for informal Brazilian caregivers of people with dementia. DESIGN AND SETTING: A methodological study was conducted at the Federal University of São Carlos. METHODS: The following stages were carried out: Translation; Synthesis of the translations; Back-translation; Evaluation by an experts' committee; and Pre-test. RESULTS: Two independent professionals translated the PAC scale. The consensus version was obtained by merging both translations, which were back-translated into English by a third translator. The expert committee comprised three specialists in the area and project researchers. All scale items presented a Content Validity Index of 1 (CVI = 1.0), and thus remained in the pre-final version of the instrument. The instrument was pre-tested with seven caregivers of people with dementia, the majority of whom were women (57.1%), with a degree of kinship corresponding to sons/daughters (57.1%) and an average age of 55.2 (± 4.1) years. The caregivers considered it clear and understandable and made no suggestions for changes. CONCLUSION: The PAC scale was translated and culturally adapted for use by informal caregivers of people with dementia in Brazil. However, a psychometric analysis of the instrument is necessary to provide normative data for this population group.

Translation and measurement properties of the Portuguese-Brazil version of the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE-Br).

OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to translate the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) into Brazilian Portuguese and analyze the reliability of the translated version for a population of Brazilian infants. METHODS: This was a methodological study, approved by the Ethics Committee, carried out between June 2020 and May 2021. HINE is a standardized clinical neurological examination used for the early detection of cerebral palsy. The quantitative section, "neurological examination", contains 26 items scored from 0 to 3 points, divided into five categories: cranial nerve function, posture, movements, muscle tone and reflexes, and reactions. The HINE translation followed four steps: translation, synthesis, back-translation, and evaluation by an expert committee. To verify the reliability of the HINE-Br (Portuguese-Brazil version) two independent examiners evaluated 43 infants, between 3 and 22 months of age. Internal consistency was verified by Cronbach's Alpha coefficient and interrater reliability by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS: The translated version was similar to the original version and a few semantic and idiomatic adjustments were necessary. Appropriate internal consistency (Alpha=0.91) was found for the 26 items of the HINE-Br, as well as strong interrater reliability for the total score (ICC2.1=0.95), and also for the five categories (ICC2.1=0.83-0.95). CONCLUSIONS: The HINE-Br presents adequate rates of internal consistency and interrater reliability, and can be used for the evaluation of children at risk for cerebral palsy, between 3 and 24 months of age, by pediatricians and pediatric physical therapists.

Child and adolescent participation measurement tools and their translations: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Numerous participation measurement tools targeting children and youth have been developed. Despite the translation of these tools into specific languages and cultures, the reliability and validity of the translated versions remain uncertain. To address this gap in knowledge, this study aims to identify tools for assessing the participation of children aged 5-18 years and to appraise the psychometric properties of their translated versions. METHODS: Four electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed studies published in English. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guidelines was followed. Study titles and abstracts were screened by four independent reviewers. Data were extracted for both original and translated versions of eligible tools. Instrument quality assessments were performed using the Outcome Measures Rating Form Guidelines. Any discrepancies were resolved by consensus. RESULTS: Out of the 31 measurement tools examined, 18 tools had at least one translated version available, and among those original measurement tools, a total of 58 translated versions were identified. The most widely translated tool was the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (12 languages), and the most frequently translated language was Chinese (7 tools). Most translated versions verified internal consistency and content validity. Only three translated versions were verified inter-rater reliability, and seven translated versions were tested criterion validity with the gold standard tools assessing participation of children (e.g., accelerometer, Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory and four 24-h recalls). None of the translated versions were tested for intra-rater reliability and responsiveness. CONCLUSIONS: These findings can support the selection of psychometrically sound tools for children with disabilities, given their culture and language, and tool quality.

Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of Central Sensitization Inventory-9 in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain.

The aim of the study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of Central Sensitization Inventory-9 (CSI-9) in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. The methodological study included 92 patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. The original version of the CSI-9 was translated and culturally adapted into Turkish. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were evaluated with Cronbach's α and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. The assessment of reproducibility was conducted with the standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable difference (MDD) values. Convergent validity was explored by correlation analysis between the CSI-9 and Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI-25), Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), and European Quality of Life Survey-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D). The structural validity was assessed with factor analysis. Floor and ceiling effects were also analyzed. We found a very good internal consistency (Cronbach's α of 0.83) and excellent test-retest reliability (ICC of 0.96) of the Turkish CSI-9. The SEM demonstrated a range between 0.19 and 1.12, and the MDD was observed to vary from 1.17 to 1.35. The CSI-9 correlated significantly with the CSI-25 ( r  = 0.77, P  < 0.001), the pain severity subscale of the BPI ( r  = 0.41 to 0.53, P  < 0.001), the pain interference subscale of the BPI ( r  = 0.21 to 0.58, P  = 0.02 to P  < 0.001), the EQ-5D ( r  = 0.24 to 0.48, P  < 0.05), and the EQ-5D visual analog scale ( r  = -0.41, P  < 0.001). One factor was identified within the CSI-9. Our data suggest that the Turkish CSI-9 is reliable and valid outcome measure for assessing CS in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Lithuanian version of the Spine Functional Index.

BACKGROUND: Low back pain is one of the most frequent medical problems caused by different factors. It is important to evaluate low back pain by choosing the best suited tool for the specific spine condition and pain severity. The Spine Functional Index (SFI) is a relatively new physical functioning-related questionnaire that can be used to assess different aspects of daily activities and movements. The purpose of this study was to cross-culturally adapt the SFI for the Lithuanian language and to determine its psychometric properties of validity, reliability, construct stability, internal consistency and factor structure. METHODS: The study was designed as a two-stage observational study. Double forward and backward translations of SFI were performed for cultural adaptation for the Lithuanian language. For evaluation of psychometric properties, 125 participants with non-specific low back pain (duration of symptoms ≥ 6 weeks) rated their pain using Numeric Rating Scale, completed the Lithuanian version of SFI and Oswestry Disability Index. In 3 to 7 days all participants completed Lithuanian version SFI for the second time. The full sample was employed to determine internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct stability, measurement error, construct validity and factor structure. RESULTS: There was good internal consistency and reliability with Lithuanian version of SFI as Cronbach's α = 0.92 and r = 0.82. Spearman-Brown coefficient was 0.97 representing good construct stability. Measurement error from standard error of the mean (SEM) was 6.96, from Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) was 16.24. Construct validity between the Lithuanian version of SFI and Oswestry Disability Index was excellent (ρ = 0.83), and good between the SFI and Numeric Rating Scale (ρ = 0.55). The factor analysis demonstrated a one-factor solution explaining 35.04% of total variance. CONCLUSION: Lithuanian version of SFI is a new reliable and valid instrument for functional evaluation of back pain in Lithuanian speaking patients.

Content validity of the Profiles of Early Expressive Phonological Skills-Brazilian Portuguese (PEEPS-BP) - Expanded List. / Validade de conteúdo do Profiles of Early Expressive Phonological Skills-Brazilian Portuguese (PEEPS-BP) - Lista Expandida.

PURPOSE: To carry out the cross-cultural adaptation of the Instrument Profiles of Early Expressive Phonological Skills- Brazilian Portuguese (PEEPS-BP) - Expanded list, performing content validation. METHODS: Cross-cultural, quantitative and cross- sectional adaptation study, considering psychometric criteria. A study was carried out on the list of 423 words from the Communicative Development Inventory - MacArthur - Words and Sentences, adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. The method was divided into four steps. The list was judged by expert judges (JE) and non-specialist judges (JNE), considering as a criterion the familiarity of the word for a child aged between 24 and 36 months, and the representativeness of the word with toy/object, contemplating Steps 1 and 2. The child judges analyzed, in a data collection situation, the familiarity and representativeness of the stimulus-words, presented in Step 3. Afterwards, the pilot study - Step 4, was carried out with the selected stimulus-words. In the statistical analysis by expert and non-specialist judges, the Fleiss' Kappa and Gwet Concordance index was used. In the analysis of the responses of the child judges and in the Pilot Study, the analysis was made in relation to the type of response of the child, specifically scoring the spontaneous naming of the toy/object, scoring qualitatively. RESULTS: The result of Steps 1 and 2, and the agreement of the statistical tests for the Familiarity and Representativeness criteria was 45.7% for JE and 76.4% for JNE, and a result of 100% for the agreement of Representativeness. A total of 122 words were analyzed, resulting from previously established criteria, totaling 34 words (exclusion of one word by the researchers), totaling 33 stimulus-words. In Stage 3, of the 33 stimulus-words applied, nine presented spontaneous naming scores below expectations, being retested for Step 4, the Pilot Study. The result of the Pilot Study showed that of the nine retested stimulus-words, four of them still had a score below, being excluded from the study. Therefore, with the application of the Pilot Study, the expanded list of PEEPS-BP resulted in 29 words. CONCLUSION: The PEEPS-BP - Expanded List showed satisfactory evidence of content validity for the cross-cultural adaptation of the test.

OBJETIVO: Realizar a adaptação transcultural do Instrumento Profiles of Early Expressive Phonological Skills- Brazilian Portuguese (PEEPS-BP) - Lista expandida, realizando a validação de conteúdo. MÉTODO: Estudo de adaptação transcultural, quantitativo e transversal, considerando critérios psicométricos. Realizou-se o estudo da lista de 423 palavras do Inventário de Desenvolvimento Comunicativo- MacArthur- Palavras e Sentenças, adaptado para o Português Brasileiro. O método foi dividido em quatro Etapas. A lista foi julgada por juízes especialistas (JE) e juízes não especialistas (JNE), considerando como critério a familiaridade da palavra para uma criança entre 24 e 36 meses, e a representatividade da palavra com brinquedo/objeto, contemplando as Etapas 1 e 2. Os juízes crianças analisaram, em situação de coleta de dados, a familiaridade e a representatividade das palavras-estímulos, apresentado na Etapa 3. Após, realizou-se o estudo piloto- Etapa 4, com as palavras-estímulo selecionadas. Na análise estatística dos juízes especialistas e não especialistas utilizou-se o índice de Concordância do Kappa Fleiss e Gwet. Na análise das respostas dos juízes crianças e no estudo piloto, a análise foi feita em relação ao tipo de resposta da criança, especificamente pontuando a nomeação espontânea do brinquedo/objeto, pontuando de forma qualitativa. RESULTADOS: O resultado da Etapa 1 e 2, e a concordância dos testes estatísticos para os critérios de Familiaridade e Representatividade foi de 45,7% para JE e 76,4% para JNE, e resultado de 100% para a concordância da Representatividade. Foram analisadas 122 palavras, resultantes dos critérios previamente estabelecidos, totalizando 34 palavras (exclusão de uma palavra por parte das pesquisadoras), totalizando 33 palavras-estímulos. Na Etapa 3, das 33 palavras-estímulos aplicadas, nove apresentaram pontuação de nomeação espontânea abaixo do esperado, sendo retestadas para a Etapa 4, Estudo Piloto. O resultado do Estudo Piloto evidenciou que das nove palavras-estímulos retestadas, quatro delas ainda apresentaram pontuação abaixo, sendo excluídas do estudo. Portanto com a aplicação do estudo piloto a lista expandida do PEEPS-BP, resultou em 29 palavras. CONCLUSÃO: O PEEPS-BP - Lista Expandida apresentou evidências de validade de conteúdo satisfatórias para a adaptação transcultural do teste.